Veterinarian training courses library : Cat / Expert

Teaching goals

• Patients with a diaphragmatic hernia must be stabilized before surgery.
• A reverse Trendelenburg position during surgery is beneficial to relieve pressure on the lungs.
• Premedication with an opioid and induction with propofol is a good choice for these patients.
• PIVA or TIVA for maintenance of anesthesia with close monitoring is recommended.

Teaching goals

• Respiratory and Cardiovascular Changes in Geriatric Patients:
  Geriatric patients experience decreased lung capacity due to increased functional residual capacity (FRC) and small airway closure. This is coupled with muscle atrophy and reduced reflexes, making intubation necessary. Cardiovascular changes include reduced cardiac reserve due to decreased maximum heart rate and valvular lesions, which reduce cardiac output and increase myocardial workload.
• Decreased Renal and Digestive Function:
  Renal function diminishes with age, reducing the ability to concentrate urine and making fluid balance critical.Lower esophageal sphincter tone decreases, and gastric pH becomes lower, making older patients more prone to reflux and esophagitis.
• Altered Drug Metabolism and Clearance:
  Geriatric patients show a reduction in drug clearance and protein binding, leading to potentially higher effective drug concentrations. Special care is needed to avoid drug overdose or prolonged drug effects.
• Pre-Anesthetic and Anesthetic Considerations:
  Pre-anesthetic preparation should include securing venous access early, minimizing stress, and using analgesia. Induction with propofol and intubation, followed by inhalant or total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), is recommended.
• Post-Anesthetic Care:
  Recovery requires close monitoring until airway reflexes return. Supplemental oxygen, analgesia, fluid therapy, and temperature management are essential for a safe recovery.

Teaching goals

• To understand the diagnostic methods for identifying adverse food reactions in pets.
• To learn effective nutritional management strategies for patients with adverse food reactions.
• To explore and differentiate between the types of diets that can be utilized in managing adverse food reactions.

Teaching goals

• Cardiovascular System: Pediatric patients have lower blood pressure and respond to hypotension primarily with increased heart rate.
• Respiratory System: Higher respiratory rate and easily triggered laryngospasm; they respond to hypoxia in two phases.
• Metabolism and Excretion: Reduced liver function and low glycogen stores lead to longer drug effects and faster hypoglycemia.
• Anesthetic drugs: Anesthetics have stronger and longer effects; inhalation anesthetics like isoflurane are preferred for maintenance.
• Recovery Phase: A calm, warm environment is important; avoid hypothermia and stress; feed quickly to prevent hypoglycemia.

Teaching goals

• Blood pressure measurements methods
• Definitions of hypertension
• Target Organ Damage (TOD)
• General treatment and emergency

Teaching goals

• Hymenopters
• Snakes
• Caterpillars
• Atypical anaphylactic reaction
• Treatment

Teaching goals

• Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) commonly affects medium- to large-breed dogs and causes acute stomach dilation that compromises blood supply and can lead to tissue necrosis.GDV reduces venous return to the heart by compressing the caudal vena cava, resulting in decreased cardiac output and obstructive shock.Pre-anaesthetic preparation for GDV involves attempting stomach decompression and monitoring key clinical variables like packed cell volume, electrolytes, and lactate levels.Anaesthetic management of GDV patients should avoid drugs with negative cardiovascular effects and include preoxygenation, continuous ECG monitoring, and preparation of lidocaine for ventricular arrhythmias.Post-surgery, GDV patients require vigilant monitoring for cardiovascular issues, appropriate fluid therapy, and effective analgesia to ensure recovery.

Teaching goals

Teaching goals

• Definition of chronic hepatitis
• Aetiology
• Signalment and clinical signs
• Tests & imaging
• Biopsy
• Treatment

Teaching goals

• To become familiar with the available diagnostic tools to investigate neuromuscular disease in cats and dogs

Teaching goals

• 4 Treatments: Anti-thyroid medications / Iodine-restricted diet / Surgical / Radioactive iodine
• Pro and cons of each treatment
• Renal function and iatrogenic hypothyroidism
• Dogs?

Teaching goals

• Avoid Increased Intraocular Pressure: It is crucial to prevent increased intraocular pressure in patients with conditions such as corneal ulcers, descemetocele, glaucoma, and cataracts to avoid exacerbating these conditions.
• Maintain Normal Intraocular Pressure: Keeping intraocular pressure normal can be achieved by maintaining normocapnia (normal levels of carbon dioxide in the blood) and avoiding drugs that induce vomiting or retching.
• Minimize Patient Distress: During both the induction and recovery phases of anesthesia, it is important to avoid patient struggling and excessive restraint. This helps in reducing stress and potential trauma to the eye.
• Ensure Appropriate Analgesia: Providing appropriate analgesia helps to ensure a smooth recovery process and minimizes the risk of trauma to the eye.
• Tailor Anesthetic Management: Anesthetic procedures should be largely dictated by the patient’s underlying health conditions. This includes using reinforced endotracheal tubes to prevent tracheal obstruction, especially when the head is positioned “chin on chest,” and employing non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents for cataract surgeries to maintain a centrally positioned pupil. Additionally, mechanical or assisted ventilation is essential when using these agents.

Teaching goals

• To become familiar with the most typical presentation of neuromuscular disease in the cat.

Teaching goals

• Describe and understand the refeeding syndrome
• Review the pathophysiology to better understand
• Review the treatment and how to prevent the RS

Teaching goals

• Definitions
• Reasoning of testing
• Clinical signs
• Tests
• Uncommon tests
• Canine hyperthyroidism?