Veterinarian training courses library : Cat / Expert
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Teaching goals
- Understand and describe the qualities of a heart murmur
- Understand and give prognostic value to common heart murmur findings in dogs
- Interpret the importance of an auscultation anomaly in cats
Teaching goals
- Patients with a diaphragmatic hernia must be stabilized before surgery.
- A reverse Trendelenburg position during surgery is beneficial to relieve pressure on the lungs.
- Premedication with an opioid and induction with propofol is a good choice for these patients.
- PIVA or TIVA for maintenance of anesthesia with close monitoring is recommended.
Teaching goals
- By the end of the presentation, learners will describe three different types of left ventricular concentric hypetrophy.
Teaching goals
- Respiratory and Cardiovascular Changes in Geriatric Patients:
Geriatric patients experience decreased lung capacity due to increased functional residual capacity (FRC) and small airway closure. This is coupled with muscle atrophy and reduced reflexes, making intubation necessary. Cardiovascular changes include reduced cardiac reserve due to decreased maximum heart rate and valvular lesions, which reduce cardiac output and increase myocardial workload. - Decreased Renal and Digestive Function:
Renal function diminishes with age, reducing the ability to concentrate urine and making fluid balance critical.Lower esophageal sphincter tone decreases, and gastric pH becomes lower, making older patients more prone to reflux and esophagitis. - Altered Drug Metabolism and Clearance:
Geriatric patients show a reduction in drug clearance and protein binding, leading to potentially higher effective drug concentrations. Special care is needed to avoid drug overdose or prolonged drug effects. - Pre-Anesthetic and Anesthetic Considerations:
Pre-anesthetic preparation should include securing venous access early, minimizing stress, and using analgesia. Induction with propofol and intubation, followed by inhalant or total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), is recommended. - Post-Anesthetic Care:
Recovery requires close monitoring until airway reflexes return. Supplemental oxygen, analgesia, fluid therapy, and temperature management are essential for a safe recovery.
Teaching goals
- To understand the diagnostic methods for identifying adverse food reactions in pets.
- To learn effective nutritional management strategies for patients with adverse food reactions.
- To explore and differentiate between the types of diets that can be utilized in managing adverse food reactions.
Teaching goals
- Understand the pathophysiology leading to renal dysplasia
- Recognise the typical clinical presentation
- Be familiar with the relevant clinical tests
- Be aware of the alternative differentials to exclude
- Be familiar with the chronic management of the disease
Teaching goals
- Cardiovascular System: Pediatric patients have lower blood pressure and respond to hypotension primarily with increased heart rate.
- Respiratory System: Higher respiratory rate and easily triggered laryngospasm; they respond to hypoxia in two phases.
- Metabolism and Excretion: Reduced liver function and low glycogen stores lead to longer drug effects and faster hypoglycemia.
- Anesthetic drugs: Anesthetics have stronger and longer effects; inhalation anesthetics like isoflurane are preferred for maintenance.
- Recovery Phase: A calm, warm environment is important; avoid hypothermia and stress; feed quickly to prevent hypoglycemia.
Teaching goals
- Recognising the differential diagnoses for hypercalcaemia of malignancy
- Diagnose hypercalcaemia of malignancy
- Treat hypercalcaemia of malignancy, both symptomatically and definitively
Teaching goals
- Blood pressure measurements methods
- Definitions of hypertension
- Target Organ Damage (TOD)
- General treatment and emergency
Teaching goals
- By the end of the presentation, learners will describe the different clinical manifestations in patients affected by a left sided heart failure.
- The participants will be able to explain the basic principles of the pathophysiology that leads to the manifestation of a backwards left heart failure.
- By the end of the presentation, the participants are able to list three examples of congenital and three acquired issues that could lead to a left sided issue.
Teaching goals
- Hymenopters
- Snakes
- Caterpillars
- Atypical anaphylactic reaction
- Treatment
Teaching goals
- By the end of the presentation, learners will describe the different clinical manifestations in patients affected by a right sided heart failure.
- The partecipants will be able to explain the basic principles of the pathophysiology that leads to the manifestation of a backwards right heart failure.
- By the end of the presentation, the partecipants are able to list three examples of congenital and three acquired issues that could lead to a right sided issue.
Teaching goals
- Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) commonly affects medium- to large-breed dogs and causes acute stomach dilation that compromises blood supply and can lead to tissue necrosis.GDV reduces venous return to the heart by compressing the caudal vena cava, resulting in decreased cardiac output and obstructive shock.Pre-anaesthetic preparation for GDV involves attempting stomach decompression and monitoring key clinical variables like packed cell volume, electrolytes, and lactate levels.Anaesthetic management of GDV patients should avoid drugs with negative cardiovascular effects and include preoxygenation, continuous ECG monitoring, and preparation of lidocaine for ventricular arrhythmias.Post-surgery, GDV patients require vigilant monitoring for cardiovascular issues, appropriate fluid therapy, and effective analgesia to ensure recovery.
Teaching goals
Tips and tricks about a weight loss program: what do we see in practice and how to manage our patients.Teaching goals
- Definition of chronic hepatitis
- Aetiology
- Signalment and clinical signs
- Tests & imaging
- Biopsy
- Treatment
Teaching goals
- To become familiar with the available diagnostic tools to investigate neuromuscular disease in cats and dogs
Teaching goals
- 4 Treatments: Anti-thyroid medications / Iodine-restricted diet / Surgical / Radioactive iodine
- Pro and cons of each treatment
- Renal function and iatrogenic hypothyroidism
- Dogs?
Teaching goals
- By the end of the presentation, learners will describe the different clinical manifestations in patients affected by an acute or chronic pericardial effusion.
- The students will be able to name three potential physical findings of a patient affected by cardiac tamponade.
- By the end of the presentation, the students can recognize the electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes secondary to a pericardial effusion.
Teaching goals
- Avoid Increased Intraocular Pressure: It is crucial to prevent increased intraocular pressure in patients with conditions such as corneal ulcers, descemetocele, glaucoma, and cataracts to avoid exacerbating these conditions.
- Maintain Normal Intraocular Pressure: Keeping intraocular pressure normal can be achieved by maintaining normocapnia (normal levels of carbon dioxide in the blood) and avoiding drugs that induce vomiting or retching.
- Minimize Patient Distress: During both the induction and recovery phases of anesthesia, it is important to avoid patient struggling and excessive restraint. This helps in reducing stress and potential trauma to the eye.
- Ensure Appropriate Analgesia: Providing appropriate analgesia helps to ensure a smooth recovery process and minimizes the risk of trauma to the eye.
- Tailor Anesthetic Management: Anesthetic procedures should be largely dictated by the patient’s underlying health conditions. This includes using reinforced endotracheal tubes to prevent tracheal obstruction, especially when the head is positioned “chin on chest,” and employing non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents for cataract surgeries to maintain a centrally positioned pupil. Additionally, mechanical or assisted ventilation is essential when using these agents.
Teaching goals
- To become familiar with the most typical presentation of neuromuscular disease in the cat.
Teaching goals
- Describe and understand the refeeding syndrome
- Review the pathophysiology to better understand
- Review the treatment and how to prevent the RS
Teaching goals
- Be familiar with the differential diagnosis of megacolon in cats
- Be able to investigate underlying causes
- Understand the different management options of feline megacolon
Teaching goals
- Definitions
- Reasoning of testing
- Clinical signs
- Tests
- Uncommon tests
- Canine hyperthyroidism?
Teaching goals
- Understand possible manifestations of bradycardia on the ECG.
- Recognizes possible issues that can cause bradycardia.