Papules, Pustules, Crusts, Tumors and Papillomas in Birds

The talk of today’s quickly examines some of the most frustrating lesions for the avian veterinarian: papules, pustules and papilloma.
Often, we do not know the cause of such lesions, and sometimes, even if we know it, we cannot and cure them.
Let’s deepen a bit our knowledge of avian dermatology.